Noble Phantasm

Noble Phantasms are "crystallized mysteries", powerful armaments made using the imagination of humans as their core, and weapons or abilities owned by Heroic Spirits. They are the embodiment of the ultimate mysteries of a hero that symbolizes his existence through historical facts and anecdotes. They can be physical weapons, such as swords, lances, and bows, or support items, such as rings and crowns. They can also be abstract concepts, like unique abilities, unique means of attack, curses, and changes to the environment and its physical properties. When summoned as Servants in the Holy Grail War, they are the trump cards of the heroes that allow them to overcome others in battle.

Origins
The Noble Phantasms of all Heroic Spirits are said to have originated from the Gate of Babylon, the treasury of Gilgamesh. They were the greatest treasures of the world collected throughout his lifetime, nameless, splendid weapons, that acted as their prototypes before becoming the objects of faith that act as the foundations for their legends. They spread throughout the world after his death, eventually becoming Noble Phantasms. Even though it can be considered a paradox, unless Gilgamesh as the original hero possesses them, they cannot be handed down as the Noble Phantasms possessed by the later heroes derived from his legend. Some abilities solely wielded by Divine Spirits like Brynhild Romantia, Sarasvati Meltout, and Eightfold Blessing of Amaterasu are called Noble Phantasms, so it is unknown if they also fall into that categorization.

It is impossible for myths and legends to start from nothing, so they all have common points acting as the foundations that became the model for the legend. Those like demonic swords and holy swords were granted names and abilities once such legends begin to flourish in their lands of origination, but those within the Gilgamesh's treasury are their forms before they were granted such through myths and legends. Those possessed by Gilgamesh are the true original models, different than those that have been renewed from older Noble Phantasms over the millennia. Though differing in appearance, renewed weapons hold similar true natures, concepts for their creation, and souls. As with the progression of Merodach, Gram, and Caliburn, all carrying the "foundation of the sacred right to select the king", each cycle of transmigration causes the weapon to become weaker. Gilgamesh claims that the "children cannot defeat their parents", with each new incarnation simply being a deteriorated imitation that cannot match the original model, but Shirou Emiya claims "but there is no rule that an imitation cannot defeat the original" while taunting him.

There are cases where the nature of the Noble Phantasm is not actually a true crystallized mystery, such as Archer's Unlimited Blade Works, which is magecraft that symbolizes him, and Li Shu Wen's No Second Strike, which is the quintessence of his martial arts. Sasaki Kojirou is a case of a Servant without a Noble Phantasm due to his status as a wraith, but his technique, Tsubame Gaeshi, has managed to be on par with Noble Phantasms without the use of magecraft. Enkidu is described more as a "Noble Phantasm of the gods" than a Heroic Spirit, and Kingprotea is a being whose self can be treated as a Noble Phantasm.

Characteristics
Noble Phantasms make up part of the existence of Heroic Spirits, the anecdotes about their prowess and weaponry all becoming part of the very "symbol" of their existence. As the "ultimate mysteries" and embodiment of the heroes, they are trump cards carried by each to be used at an appropriate time. Most Noble Phantasms will belong only to a single hero, activated only by them, their true owners, by channeling magical energy into them and releasing their true names. Normally limited to the exclusive usage of its owner, other heroes who take hold of them will not normally be able to wield them properly without abilities like Knight of Honor. There are cases as with the Hanging Gardens of Babylon which is possessed by multiple heroes, Nebuchadnezzar II possessing it by deed and Semiramis possessing it by distortion of fact. There are a number of Noble Phantasms that display passive abilities that continue to function without any need to call out their names called continuously-active-type Noble Phantasms (常時発動型の宝具). For weapons that release a great attack, they only reflect their power upon having their true name called, so striking with them as regular armaments will only reflect the physical abilities of the wielder. They each posses a great amount of magical energy that show them being things "outside of normality", miracles exceeding both humanity and magecraft.

Noble Phantasms represents the legends of Heroic Spirit, in other words it would reveal the identity to other Masters if used. For example, if a servant used a Noble Phantasm in a one-on-one tournament format in the Moon Cell Holy Grail War, the leakage of information will lead to defeat because it will give clues to the Servant's real name. It can be said that a Master winning without the use of Noble Phantasm(s) is an excellent Master.

They are brought into the world with Servants upon their summoning, normally complied out of magical energy and granted the ability to materialize and dematerialize at the wielder's will. Compared to the Servants who sometimes also possess normal weapons as well, they give off a clear level of magical energy that shows they are Noble Phantasms. Similar as to how spells are required to activate magecraft, it is necessary to awaken and activate Noble Phantasms. While something like Gae Bolg is a splendid spear with history and itself a Noble Phantasm, it does not appear inherently extraordinary by itself, only able to display its full potential beyond the realm of normal weapons when imbued with magical energy and activated with the recitation of its true name. It may be the case that there are conditions required before Noble Phantasms can be activated, and some rare ones require materials to construct. The most common of such cases are those that still exist in the world in the present day requiring the Noble Phantasm to be obtained, while rarer cases require actual materials for their entire construction. While normally complete existences, there are those that are too large to be possessed by a single hero and those that were incomplete but still recorded in the hero's legend.

Most Heroic Spirits will only possess one Noble Phantasm, while those who sometimes obtain two or three would normally be the absolute limit, and it may be possible for some to have treasured three or four extraordinary weapons in their life. Medusa, with three, is noted to be exceptional among other Servants, and Perseus being granted five is the most given to a single hero in Greek mythology. Gilgamesh is unique in possessing an unlimited amount within his treasury due to having all of them. No Name Assassin possesses eighteen of the nineteen Zabaniya Noble Phantasms. Perseus possesses six with the inclusion of Bellerophon in his legend, Achilles possesses five, and others like Astolfo, Saint George, and Karna possess four each. It is possible that Noble Phantasms will be granted to heroes even if they had nothing to do with them in life, such as the misunderstandings of countless people thinking Semiramis had some connection to the Hanging Gardens of Babylon causing it to become her Noble Phantasm.

Noble Phantasms are ranked by their strength and mystery. Those called "extremely average" are around the level of B rank which have strength able to be represented through numbers and show only output of pure physical damage. Gae Bolg's thrown strike is a pure destructive attack, while its piercing version carries a conceptual effect, a "destiny interference type", that falls into a special category. Differing from regular attacks, even a C rank Noble Phantasm is the equivalent of an A or A+ ranked normal attack. It is possible for the ranks to be increased or decreased depending upon certain circumstances. Gae Bolg can temporarily be strengthened to A rank through the use of Runes, while Clarent loses ranks from having been obtained and used improperly. Defensive Noble Phantasms like God Hand and Armor of Fafnir use the concept of ranks as a means of defense rather than the relative power the ranks represent.

The most common Noble Phantasms are holy swords and demonic swords used by heroes during their lives. There is no specific form into which they must fit. They can be the weapons the hero used in life, and they can be famous anecdotes about the hero given form upon their ascension. While they can be physical weapons, the act of throwing many weapons at once or a "sword that splits into an infinite number" could be Noble Phantasms in themselves. Rin provides several examples of a Noble Phantasm's power, mentioning dragon-slaying swords, shoes that can run far and wide, god-killing demonic swords, and Hazanken, a sword in Chinese legends able to even slice through mountains that can only be swung once. There are those like Ionioi Hetairoi that is Alexander the Great's life sublimated into a Noble Phantasm due to having been acknowledged by all as the King of Conquerors, those like God Hand that is specifically noted to be a gift from the gods rather than a materialization of Twelve labors of Heracles, and there are those like Zabaniya that are Noble Phantasms because of their status as that which establishes their users as Hassan-i-Sabbah rather than having been recorded in history.

Most Noble Phantasms are simply regarded as lost legends in modern times, but there are some that have remained throughout the millennia. There are humans like Bazett Fraga McRemitz and Gray can actualize Noble Phantasms that have been passed down throughout their bloodlines for generations. Others like Avalon, Jack the Ripper's knives, and one owned by Qin Shi Huang have remained throughout the ages and act as catalysts for summoning their wielders as Servants. Noble Phantasms that can also be utilized by Masters in the Holy Grail Wars are called Master's Noble Phantasms (マスターの宝具). While Avalon lacks functions as a Noble Phantasm without Saber present, Avalon can be sealed within a person to allow them to experience its healing effects so long as Saber is present. Qin Shi Huang's can be used by someone even without him being summoned, and Karna has shown the ability to give his armor to his Master.

Fortress Noble Phantasms are very rare, fewer in number than even the rare Anti-Fortress Noble Phantasms. Even those that own them like Cú Chulainn can only use it within his homeland of Ireland. Floating fortresses like the Hanging Gardens of Babylon are close to zero. The ability to kill hundreds and thousands of people is a trait possessed by Anti-Army and Anti-Fortress Noble Phantasms, but those capable of killing over ten thousand like Kazikli Bey are few in number. Some Noble Phantasms are Divine Constructs (神造兵器), including Excalibur, Ea, Ig-Alima, and other holy swords. They are not normally replicable through Projection or Unlimited Blade Works except in special cases like the inside of the Moon Cell where the conditions to be able to replicate holy sword-class weaponry is boosted, but it still produces an inferior version. There is another classification, of which Excalibur is part of, called the "ultimate god-forged weapons", Last Phantasm: The Strongest Illusion.

It is possible to sacrifice a Noble Phantasm for an attack that is one rank higher, which is called a Broken Phantasm: The Destroyed Illusion. If a Noble Phantasm is packed with magical energy, it can be made to explode after striking its target. It is nearly impossible to repair a destroyed Noble Phantasm, and since they are the trump cards of Heroic Spirits, they're unlikely to take such measures. Archer is an exception, as he can reproduce as many copies of Noble Phantasms as his magical energy will allow due to Tracing, allowing him to also counterbalance the fact that all of his projections are lowered by one rank. If a Servant wishes to destroy their own weapon in another fashion, it is much easier than destroying one in normal combat. Lancer is able to easily break Gae Buidhe in half without any effort.

Classification
Noble Phantasms are classified by their effectiveness against enemies. One Noble Phantasm may have multiple classifications depending on its abilities. Along with Noble Phantasm, there are also the alternate descriptors of Secret Technique (奥義) for Inlet Platforms and Mystic Sword (魔剣) for Tsubame Gaeshi.
 * Unknown (不明) - Due to its variable nature, Nine Lives is not given a classification.
 * Anti-Unit Noble Phantasm (対人宝具) - Anti-Unit Noble Phantasms are those specialized against defeating other people in single combat. Compared to stronger weapons, they will not go beyond defeating other beings no matter how strong the magical energy or curse they wield. Saber's Invisible Air wouldn't increase the speed of an action like chopping wood, and Lancer's Gae Bolg, which strikes the opponent's heart, would just be a strong lance if the target is a rock or a house. The advantage over stronger weapons is that they can be compared to guns with unlimited ammo while Anti-Army Noble Phantasms are one-time missiles. Missiles are more powerful, but an Anti-Unit can be continuous like Invisible Air. There are also those that are very cost effective like Gae Bolg, so it can be called a sure-hit arrow that is better at killing single people than a cannonball.
 * Anti-Unit (Self) Noble Phantasm (対人（自身）宝具) - Anti-Unit Noble Phantasm used upon the wielder instead of another target.
 * Anti-Self Noble Phantasm (対己宝具) - The classification of The Queen's Glass Game.
 * Anti-Mind Noble Phantasm (対心宝具) - This classification targets the mind. While normally Anti-Mind, Sarasvati Meltout, within the cyberspace of the Moon Cell, becomes Anti-City, Anti-World.
 * Anti-Team Noble Phantasm (対陣宝具) - The classification of Aestus Domus Aurea.
 * Anti-Gate Noble Phantasm (対門宝具) - The classification of Fierce Tiger Forcibly Climbs a Mountain.
 * Anti-Treasure Noble Phantasm (対宝宝具) - The classification of Sword Hunt.
 * Anti-Army Noble Phantasm (対軍宝具) - Anti-Army Noble Phantasms are those with a wide enough range to be specialized against armies. They are more powerful weapons than Anti-Unit Noble Phantasms, capable of easily blowing them away, but they must be used more wisely because of their larger cost. Using an A rank Noble Phantasm takes a great deal of mana, so they must wait before they can use it again.
 * Fortress Noble Phantasm (城塞宝具) - The classification of Sunomata Castle.
 * Labyrinth Noble Phantasm (迷宮宝具) - The classification of Chaos Labyrinth.
 * Anti-Fortress Noble Phantasm (対城宝具) - This rank has powerful Noble Phantasms that can even blow away solid fortified structures. While the difference between Anti-Unit and Anti-Army is the variation in area of effect, Anti-Fortress Noble Phantasms are distinguished from other categories by the great difference in power. Only Excalibur has this rank in all of the Noble Phantasms of the Fourth and Fifth Holy Grail Wars. God Force in Fate/Extra also possesses this rank.
 * Anti-Populace Noble Phantasm (対衆宝具) - The classification of Sarasvati Meltout.
 * Anti-City Noble Phantasm (対都市宝具) - The classification of Sarasvati Meltout.
 * Anti-Country Noble Phantasm (対国宝具) - The classification of Brahmastra belongs to this rank, but the difference in power from other classifications is not elaborated upon.
 * Anti-World Noble Phantasm (対界宝具) - Noble Phantasms that affect the World itself are of this rank. The classification of Enuma Elish belongs to this rank. While the actual output is around the level of Excalibur, its effect that is unquestionably that of the legend of "ripping the world" puts the sword in a special category.
 * Anti-Planet Noble Phantasm (対星宝具) - The classification of Angra Mainyu/CCC and Cursed Cutting Crater.
 * Anti-Thaumaturgy Noble Phantasm (対魔術宝具) - The classification of Rule Breaker belongs to this rank.
 * Divine Noble Phantasm (神性宝具) - The classification of Child of the Sun.
 * Anti-Divine Noble Phantasm (対神宝具) - Noble Phantasms effective against Divine Spirits are of this rank. They are few in number, including Enkidu and Vasavi Shakti.
 * Anti-Purge Noble Phantasm (対粛清宝具) - Classification of Enkidu's Enuma Elish.
 * Anti-Evil Noble Phantasm (対悪宝具) - Classification of Lord Camelot.
 * Barrier Noble Phantasm (結界宝具) - Noble Phantasms used to create barriers belong to this rank, but it does not include those that are also used to attack. Avalon is purely defensive, so it is a typical example of a barrier. While other Noble Phantasms like Blood Fort Andromeda may create barriers, they will instead be classified by their ability to attack like Blood Fort Andromeda belonging to the Anti-Army category.
 * Suicide Attack Noble Phantasm (特攻宝具) - Noble Phantasms that sacrifice the user's life like Joan of Arc's La Pucelle.

Other Noble Phantasms

 * Amakusa Shirou Tokisada owns a sword that is not normally a Noble Phantasm, but Shakespeare's Enchant skill temporarily turns it into a C-rank Noble Phantasm. Due to the quality and history of the sword, it is particularly strong compared to a regular sword if one were to be strengthened.
 * Cú Chulainn possesses a castle and chariot as potential Noble Phantasms.
 * Orlando Reeve, due to the abilities of Caster, has outfitted his "Clan Calatin" group of officers with artificial Noble Phantasms said to possess abilities greater than their originals.
 * Sun Wukong, a joke character, is said to possess four Noble Phantasms: Ruyi Jingu Bang, golden chain mail shirt, phoenix-feather cap, and cloud-walking boots.
 *  possessing the is described as an example of a Noble Phantasm.